Building construction



Sept. 22, 1942. B. E. BALDUF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 5, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l B. E. BALDUF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 5,

1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTR BRU/vo E. BALDUF www@ I Sept. 22, 942.

Patented Sept. 22, 1942 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Bruno E. Balduf, Chicago, Ill., assignor to United States Gypsum Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application January 5, 1940,;SerialNo. 312,495

3 Claims.

This invention relates ,to building constructions, and has reference more particularly to framing for buildings which is composed partly of wood and partly of metal.

In the construction of wood frame buildings,

it is customary to use spaced 2 X 4s for the. wall frames, these 2 x 4s being supported at top and bottom by plates and -sills respectively, also composedV of 2 x 4s. Building composition boards of gypsum or fiber base are ,then nailed to the studs, and a finishing layer of plaster is then applied to the boards. As time passes, the wood studs twist and warp due to changing humidity conditions, and as they .are transversely very strong, the building boards are distorted and the plaster cracks adjacent the abutting edges of the boards, Furthermore, the plates and sills burn rapidly in case of a fire and do not act as a re stop but permit the amesto travel up the hollow walls fromA story to story of the building. Due to the thickness of `the studs, it is common to have the ends of the boardsgabut at .the studs, each board being secured. thereto by nails. The boards must be the exact length to t the studs resulting in considerablecutting and waste of boards.

An object of the invention, therefore, is4 to .provide a frame for buildings comprising weaker wooden studs of less thickness than those commonly used so that the plaster is not cracked due to warping and twisting of the relatively weak studs.

Another object of the invention is to employ channel-shaped metal plates and sills for these weaker studs which will act as a fire stop in case of lire.

A further object of the invention is to produce a building construction of relatively thin studs with the abutting ends of boards positioned between the studs, thus producing little cutting and waste of boards; also to improve building constructions in other respects hereinafter specified and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the improved wall or partition frame for the building construction,

Fig. 2 is a sectional perspective view of the partitions,

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation through a building showing the manner of framing,

Fig. 4 is a perspective sectional elevation of a room showing the manner of attachment of plaster boards,

Fig. 5 Vis a sectional perspective elevation of a corner of a room showing modied structural features, vand Fig. 6 isa-sectional perspective elevation of a modified form of construction using metal. lath as'a plaster kbase.

Referring to the drawings by numerals, bottom metallic channels I0 are secured to the floor by nailing through channel webs I I, or by other suitable means. Upstanding legs I2 on the channels III receive the lower ends of studs I3 therebetween. Nails I4 are driven through the thin metal flanges I2 into the studs I3 to hold said studs imposition. A similar upper channel I5 is provided with a web I6 which is nailed to the cell ing. Downstandnglegs H on the channel I5'receive the upper ends of studs I3 and nails I3 are driven through the flanges II into. saidV studs I3 to maintain said studs in spaced, parallel relation. For non-load bearing partitions, lI prefer to use 1" X 4 wooden studs instead of the 2 xl 4 wooden studs commonly used, as they do not Ahave suicient lateral strength to distort and vcrack the finishing coat of plaster when the studstwist and warp underthe action of changing conditions of temperature and humidity. The 1" x 4 studs are also less expensive than Furthermore short lengths of the 1 X 4" studs may be readily lapped and joined together by nails I9 so that loss due to scrap lumber is practically eliminated.

In order to provide a base for a finishing coat of plaster 2I, I provide plaster boards 22 which are preferably composed of a gypsum core with paper cover sheets, but said boards may be composed of other materials such as vegetable fiber, etc. Due to the thinness of the studs I3, it is impossible to have the ends of adjoining boards 22 abut over the stud as there is insufficient wood in the stud for nailing purposes. I therefore cause end board joints 23 to come at a point between the studs so that the boards are secured to the studs by a single row of nails 2. The abutting ends of the boards 22 are secured together by clips 25 which have opposed struck-out ngers 26 forming opposed channels for the reception of the board edges. The board ends are thus held securely .in the plane of the wall to receive the coating of plaster 2|. In View of the fact that the thin studs I3 have insufcient lateral strength to distort the boards 22 as said studs Warp and twist due to changing temperature and humidity conditions, the plaster coating 2| exhibits a marked resistance to cracking over long periods of service. The lateral weakness of the studs I3 also permit a slight ilexibility or vibration of a partition under the impact of sound waves, thus oiering marked resistance to the passage of sound through the improved partition.

The outer load bearing walls of the building (Fig. 5) are preferably composed of 2" x 4 studs 28 to the outside of which are nailed tongue and groove gypsum sheathing boards 29 covered by wood siding 30 or other suitable weather resistant facing. Strips of wood 3l are nailed to the inside face of the sheathing over the abutting ends of boards 29 so as to keep out wind, and to maintain said board ends in the plane of the Wall. Horizontaljoists 3.2 are nailed to the studs 28 and plaster boards or wallboards 33 are nailed to the bottom of the joists 32 to receive the coating of plaster 2| or a decorative nish of paint or wall paper as desired. The vertical walls may also be lined with wallboards 34 which are finished with paint or wall paper. I prefer to attach the boards 33 to the joists 32 before installing the dividing partitions supported by the thin studs I3. The webs I6 of upper channels l5 are thus nailed directly to the bottom face of ceiling boards 33. This manner of erecting dividing partitions last offers some saving in labor and cost of erection of a building. The ends of the joists 32 are supported on a strip of wood 35 known as a ribbon, said strip being received in notches 36 formed in the studs 28. Fire stop 31 is secured adjacent the top of ribbon 36 and fire stop 38 adjacent the end of joists 32. Angle clips attach together the adjoining edges of boards 22 and 33 at the corner of the ceiling. The edges of the partition boards 22 Iare nailed to a stud 39 which in turn is nailed ilatwise against the boards 22 of the outer wall to one of the studs 28. A oor 4l is supported on top of the joists 32. For a partition, a strip of wood 42 is secured to the top of the rough floor 4I and a channel runner l0 is secured to the top of a spacer strip 42 to receive studs 43. The strip 42 is the thickness of the nish floor so that 'all studs in a building are the same length. If the channel runner l0 is placed on top of the finished floor, the strips 42 are omitted. Pipes or conduits 44 may be passed upwardly through the partitions and floor 4I as desired. Metal lath 45 may be substituted for the boards 22 and 33 as a plaster base if desired. It should be understood that 2" X 4" studs may be used instead of 1 x 4 studs if desired where cracking of the plaster is not definitely to be avoided.

I would state in conclusion that while the illustrated examples constitute practical embodiments of my invention, I do not wish to limit myself precisely to these details, since manifestly the same may be considerably varied without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a partition structure, opposed floor and ceiling metallic channels having outstanding anges, flexible wooden studs in spaced parallel relation engaged at top and bottom between said channels, nails passing through said flanges into said studs, and facingmeans attached to said studs, said wooden studs being sufficiently exible to prevent material distortion of said facing means by the normal warping tendency of said studs.

2. In a plastered wall construction characterized by freedom from plaster cracks, opposed floor and ceiling metallic channels having outstanding flanges, thin wooden studs secured at top and bottom between said anges, plaster supporting sheets secured to said studs with their end joints therebetween, and clips securing said end joints together, a coating of plaster on said sheets, said studs being :sufficiently thin and ilexible to prevent cracking of said plaster by the normal warping tendency of said studs.

3. In a non-load-bearing partition structure the combination with ceiling and floor metal channel runners and thin flexible wood studs having their ends seated in said runners and secured to the flanges thereof, of wallboards nailed to said studs with their ends abutting between said studs, clips securing the edges of said wallboard together between said studs, and a plaster coating on said wallboards, said studs being suiiiciently thin and flexible so that their torsional warping strength in response to temperature and humidity variations is insufficient to materially distort the wall covering.

BRUNO E. BALDUF. 

